Kodachrome - Wikipedia. Kodachrome. Maker. Eastman Kodak. Speed. Type. Colorslide. Process. K- 1. 4 process. Format. 16mm, 8mm, Super 8 movie, 3. Technicolor Corp as "Technicolor Monopack"), 3. This is an excerpt from my upcoming book, BLOOD, SWEAT, AND PIXELS, which comes out on September 5 and tells the stories behind 10 different games including Diablo. My Little Pony: The Movie (2017) on IMDb: Movies, TV, Celebs, and more. Introduced. 19. 35. Discontinued. 20. ISO 2. 5), 2. 00. ISO 4. 0 in 8 mm), 2. ISO 2. 00), 2. 00. ISO 6. 4)Kodachrome is a brand name for a non- substantive, color reversal film introduced by Eastman Kodak in 1. It was one of the first successful color materials and was used for both cinematography and still photography. Because of its complex processing requirements, the film was sold process- paid in the United States until 1. Elsewhere, this arrangement continued. For many years it was used for professional color photography, especially for images intended for publication in print media. Because of the growth and popularity of alternative photographic materials, its complex processing requirements, and the widespread transition to digital photography, Kodachrome lost its market share, its manufacturing was discontinued in 2. December 2. 01. 0. After announcing the return of Ektachrome at the beginning of 2. Kodak Alaris is considering to restart the production of Kodachrome.[3]Background[edit]. Kodachrome K1. 35 2. Color Reversal Film (Expired: September 1. Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.Filmovi u najavi programa kina, najava filmova u kinu. MAMA! OD 28. septembra OD REDATELJA FILMA CRNI LABUD. Originalni naslov: Mother! Sergeant Thomas Beckett (Tom Berenger) returns to tackle his most dangerous mission yet in this sequel to the action hit Sniper. Informed that a renegade general has. The Indian government spent seven years compiling a national database that includes citizens’ iris scans, fingerprints, addresses, and phone numbers—and now. Kodachrome II - Film for color slides. Kodachrome was the first color film that used a subtractive color method to be successfully mass- marketed. Previous materials, such as Autochrome and Dufaycolor, had used the additive screenplate methods. Until its discontinuation, Kodachrome was the oldest surviving brand of color film. It was manufactured for 7. Super 8, 1. 6 mm for movies (exclusively through Eastman Kodak), and 3. Technicolor Corp as "Technicolor Monopack") and 3. Kodachrome is appreciated in the archival and professional market for its dark- storage longevity. Because of these qualities, it was used by professional photographers such as Steve Mc. Curry, Peter Guttman[4] and Alex Webb. Mc. Curry used Kodachrome for his 1. Sharbat Gula, the "Afghan Girl", for the National Geographic magazine.[5] It was used by Walton Sound and Film Services in the UK in 1. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Copies of the film for sale to the public were also produced using Kodachrome.[6]History[edit]Before Kodachrome[edit]Before Kodachrome film was marketed in 1. Autochrome and Dufaycolor,[7] which were the first practical color processes. These had several disadvantages because they used a réseau filter made from discrete color elements that were visible upon enlargement. The finished transparencies absorbed between 7. Using the subtractive method, these disadvantages could be avoided.[8]First use of 'Kodachrome' name[edit]The first Kodak product called Kodachrome was invented by John Capstaff in 1. His Kodachrome was a subtractive process that used only two colors: blue- green and red- orange. It required two glass plate negatives, one made using a panchromaticemulsion and a red filter, the other made using an emulsion insensitive to red light. The two plates could be exposed as a "bipack" (sandwiched emulsion to emulsion, with a very thin red filter layer between), which eliminated the need for multiple exposures or a special color camera. After development, the silver images were bleached out with chemistry that hardened the bleached portions of the gelatin. Using dyes which were absorbed only by the unhardened gelatin, the negative that recorded the blue and green light was dyed red- orange and the red- exposed negative was dyed blue- green. The result was a pair of positive dye images. The plates were then assembled emulsion to emulsion, producing a transparency that was capable of surprisingly good (for a two- color process) color rendition of skin tones in portraits. Capstaff's Kodachrome was made commercially available in 1. It was also adapted for use as a 3. Today, this first version of Kodachrome is nearly forgotten, completely overshadowed by the next Kodak product bearing the name Kodachrome. In 2. 01. 2, Capstaff's early film tests were added to the United States National Film Registry under the title Two- Color Kodachrome Test Shots No. III (1. 92. 2).[1. Development of modern Kodachrome[edit]The next version of Kodachrome was invented in the early 1. Leopold Godowsky, Jr. Leopold Mannes,[1. Mannes and Godowsky first took an interest in color photography when in 1. Our Navy,[1. 5] a movie made using a four- color additive process. Both agreed the color was terrible. After reading up on the subject in the library they started to experiment with additive color processes. Their experiments were continued during their college years, eventually producing a camera having two lenses that project images side by side on a single strip of film. The color rendition of this additive two- color process was not too bad, but aligning the two lenses of the projector needed was too difficult. Their experiments, which continued after they finished college, turned from multiple lenses that produce multiple, differently colored images that had to be combined to form the final transparency, to multiple layered film in which the different color images were already combined, perfectly aligned. Such a multi- layered film had already been invented and patented in 1. German inventor Rudolph Fischer. Each of the three layers in the proposed film would be sensitive to one of the three primary colors, and each of the three layers would have substances (called "color couplers") embedded in them that would form a dye of the required color when combined with the by- products of the developing silver image. When the silver images are bleached away, the three- color dye image would remain. Fischer himself did not find a way to stop the color couplers and color sensitizing dyes from wandering from one layer into the other, where they would produce unwanted colors. Mannes and Godowsky followed that route, started experimenting with color couplers, but their experiments were hindered by a lack of money, supplies and facilities. In 1. 92. 2 Robert Wood, a friend of Mannes, wrote a letter to Kodak's chief scientist Mees, introducing Mannes and Godowsky and their experiments, and asking if Mees could let them use the Kodak facilities for a few days. Mees offered to help, and after meeting with Mannes and Godowsky agreed to supply them with multi- layer emulsions made to Mannes and Godowsky's specifications. Financial aid, in the form of a $2. Kuhn, Loeb and Company, who had Mannes and Godowsky's experiments brought to their attention by a secretary working for that firm Mannes had acquainted. By 1. 92. 4 they were able to patent a two- color process. The important part of that patented process was a process called controlled diffusion. By timing how long it took for an image to form in the top layer, but not yet in the next layer beneath that one, they began to solve the problem that Fischer could not. Using this time- controlled way of processing one layer at a time, they could create the dye image of the required color in only that layer in which it is required. Some three years later they were still experimenting using this controlled diffusion method of separating the colors in the multi- layer emulsion, but by then they had decided that instead of incorporating the color couplers into the emulsion layers themselves, they could be added to the developing chemicals, solving the problem of wandering color couplers. The only part left of Fischer's original problem with a multi- layer emulsion were the wandering sensitizing dyes. In 1. 92. 9 money ran out, and Mees decided to help them once more. Mees knew that the solution to the problem of the wandering dyes had already been found by one of Kodak's own scientists, Leslie Brooker. So he gave Mannes and Godowsky enough money to pay off the loan Kuhn Loeb had supplied and offered them a yearly salary. He also gave them a three- year deadline to come up with a finished and commercially viable product. Not long before the three- year period would expire, at the end of 1. Mannes and Godowsky still had not managed to come up with anything usable, and thought their experiments would be terminated by Kodak. Their only chance for survival was to invent something in a hurry. Something that the company could put into production and capitalise. Mees, however, granted them a one- year extension, and still not having solved all the technical challenges they had to solve, they eventually presented Mees with a two- color movie process in 1. Two- color, it must be noted, as was the original Kodachrome invented by John Capstaff some 2. Mees immediately set things in motion to produce and market this film, but just before Kodak was about to introduce the two- color film in 1. Mannes and Godowsky completed work on the long- awaited but no longer expected, much better, three- color version. On April 1. 5, 1. Capstaff's process, was formally announced.[1. Launch and later history[edit]. Ciné- Kodak Kodachrome 8mm movie film (expired: May 1. Kodachrome was first sold in 1. ASA/ISO of 1. 0.[1. In later years, Kodachrome was produced in a wide variety of film formats including 1. ISO- ASA values ranging from 8 to 2. In 1. 96. 1 Kodak released Kodachrome II with sharper images and faster ASA speeds at 2. ASA.[2. 0] In 1. 96. Kodachrome- X at ASA 6. In 1. 97. 4, with the transition to the K- 1. Kodachrome II and Kodachrome- X were replaced by Kodachrome 2. Kodachrome 6. 4.[2. Until manufacturing was taken over by rival film manufacturer GAF, View- Master stereo reels used Kodachrome films. Decline and discontinuation[edit]Other transparency films, such as Fujifilm Fujichrome and Kodak Ektachrome use the simpler, quicker, and more accessible E- 6 process. This eroded Kodachrome's market share, as the quality of competing films improved during the 1. As digital photography reduced the demand for all film after 2. Kodachrome sales further declined. On June 2. 2, 2. 00.
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